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13、The long summer holidays are finally over and some parents are pleased. “We worry more about their safety in the holidays,” explains one mother from North London. If teenagers are not wandering around on public transport in a big and potentially dangerous city, they are chatting to strangers in an internet chat room! Well, that’s an extreme picture of the UK today, but many parents are worried about how much freedom they can give their children during the holidays and at weekends. Weekends are not the only time to worry! Newspaper are full of stories about too many school kids going to school by car because their parents do not want them to travel alone on a bus or train. This summer there were more frightening stories of teenagers disappearing with questionable friends that they met on the net. All the Media stories help increase parents fears, but is the UK really so dangerous? Many young people feel that life for their parents was easier. In the 1960s young people played in the streets more and traveled around town without their parents. “At least our parents can keep tabs on us,” says 16-year-old Julia. “So many people have mobile phones now and their parents ring to find out where they are. I use my mobile to get Dad to come to the station when I arrive late.” Mobiles are not just expensive toys; they help keep young people safe. Most significantly, they help keep young people safe. Most significantly, they make parents feel better. Only one problem is, though, that some young people have been attacked by thieves who want to steal their mobile phones. Young people like going out with friends, but they now need to learn how to get home safely. Five million young people in the UK between the ages of 9 to 16 use chat rooms to make friends, but they, too, need to be careful and never give their personal details to a stranger. Young people today have more opportunities to meet new people and go out at night more than their parents ever did. Now school, television programs and newspapers must help teenagers to enjoy their freedom and to be responsible for their own safety. 6. Some parents are upset about the summer holidays mainly because their children _ _ _ _ _ _ .
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14、I began teaching at the James School twenty-two years ago when I was twenty -six. In those days the place was very different. But time changes, and of course education theory changes, too. Methods and materials change. Even the classroom looks different. Twenty years ago, our classroom was a lot less pleasant. Very old-fashioned. We had fewer window, for example. There were five rows of desks, six desks in a row. Since everything was nailed to the floor, a student sat in the same place all day long. Oh, we had to be very strict. Now students move all over the room. They go to different areas for different subjects, and they write at these movable desks. The students are more mobile, and because they’re more mobile, they’re less restless, and because they’re less restless, they are more attentive. At least that’s the theory. And as a matter of fact, we really don’t have many behavior problems here. We use a modified open classroom system here at the James. I’ll try to explain what that means. Each student makes a work contract with his teacher. Basically, he agrees to a certain amount of work on a certain project. He hands the work in when he gets it done. He works at his own speed and plans his own time. If he is particularly motivated in one subject—math, for instance—he can explore the subject more thoroughly than the others. But he must also complete his contract in arts or reading or social science. Freedom within a structured system: that’s what we are trying to offer. 1. Now, the author of this passage must be in his . A. 20’s B. 30’s C. 40’s D. 50’s 2. Now we really do not have many behavior problems in the classroom because . A. the students are more mobile and attentive B. the teachers are more strict C. the teachers are less strict D. the students are less attentive and restless 3. The main idea of the third paragraph is about . A. the characteristic of the modified open classroom system B. the characteristic of the work contract C. the freedom of the students D. the generosity of the teachers 4. In a modified open classroom system, . A. the student needn’t do any home work B. the student can get more freedom in their study C. the subject that the student should learn is decided by the teacher D. there is not any discipline that the student should obey 5. According to the author, the educational system today is . A. more strict and attentive B. more pleasant and efficient C. is similar to the educational system twenty years age D. is satisfied by every teacher and student
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10、As little children, most of us were taught the virtue (美德) of honesty from fairy tales and other stories. The story of Pinocchio, who begins life as a puppet (木偶), teaches us the importance of telling the truth. In the story of young George Washington, who lies about cutting down the cherry tree, we learn that he earns his father’s praise only when he admits what he has done. Even though we know that “honesty is the best policy,” why do we often lie in our everyday life? The fact is that we lie for many reasons. We sometimes lie to minimize (将……最小化) our errors and mistakes. For example, some students might lie to their teachers about unfinished homework. They might say that they left the work at home when, in fact, they didn’t even do the work. These students don’t want to be irresponsible (无责任感的), so they make up a lie to save face. Another reason we lie is to get out of situations we don’t want to be in. If we just don’t want to attend the dorm meeting early on Saturday morning, we might give the excuse: “I’ve been fighting off a cold all week, and I need to sleep on Saturday morning.” We lie because we believe that telling the truth will cause problems. When we don’t know how to say no, we often use lies to avoid difficulties. However, lies are not always negative (消极的); in fact two kinds of lies can yield positive (积极的) results. The first is commonly referred to as a “white lie.” We tell white lies when we don’t want to hurt other people’s feelings. For example, if a good friend shows up with an unflattering (难看的) haircut, we could be truthful and say, “That haircut is awful. It doesn’t suit you at all!” Instead, we are more likely to lie and say, “I like your haircut. It looks good on you,” and spare our friend’s feelings. The second kind of positive lie is the “protective lie.” This one can help us get out of or avoid dangerous situations. Parents often teach their children to use this kind of lie. For example, parents tell their children not to say that they are home alone if they receive phone calls from strangers. In this situation, lying can prevent harm or disaster. People lie for many reasons, both good and bad. However, before we resort to (采用) lying to cover up mistakes or to avoid unpleasant situations, perhaps we should rethink our motives (动机) for lying. 1. What is mainly discussed in this passage? A. The importance of telling the truth. B. Positive and negative results produced by lies. C. The reasons or motives for telling lies. D. How to stop telling lies. 2. Which of the following is a “white lie” according to the passage? A. A lie told by a student to his teacher about unfinished homework. B. A lie told by someone who wants to avoid hurting others. C. A lie told by child to avoid an unfavorable situation. D. A lie told by a boy who cried wolf. 3. Why do some students lie to their teachers about their unfinished homework? A. Because they want to minimize their mistakes. B. Because they have no idea about the virtue of honesty. C. Because they have left their homework at home. D. Because they don’t have a sense of responsibility. 4. Which of the following can be regarded as an “unflattering haircut”? A. A haircut that is pleasant to the eye. B. A haircut that suits somebody well. C. A haircut that does not look good on someone. D. A haircut that is fashionable and popular. 5. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage? A. People tell lies in order to maintain their relationship. B. Telling the truth may cause problems on some occasions. C. “Protective lies” can help us get out of dangerous situations. D. Lies do not always produce negative results.
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11、Psychological research has focused on a number of basic principles that help memory: meaningfulness, organization, association, and visualization. It is useful to know how there principles work. Meaningfulness affects memory at all levels. Information that does not make any sense to you is difficult to remember. There are several ways in which we can make material more meaningful. Many people, for instance, learn a rhyme to help them remember. Do you know the rhyme "Thirty days has September, April, June, and November..."? It helps many people remember which months of the year have 30 days. Organization also makes a difference in our ability to remember. How useful would a library be if the books were kept in random order? Material that is organized is better remembered than jumbled information. One example of organization is chunking. Chunking consists of grouping separate bits of information. For example, the number 4671363 is more easily remembered if it is chunked as 467, 13, 63. Categorizing is another means of organization. Suppose you are asked to remember the following list of words: man, bench, dog, desk, woman, horse, child, cat, chair. Many people will group the words into similar categories and remember them as follows: man, woman, child; cat, dog, horse; bench, chair, desk. Needless to say, the second list can be remembered more easily than the first one. Association refers to taking the material we want to remember and relating it to something we remember accurately. In memorizing a number, you might try to associate it with familiar numbers or events. For example, the height of Mount Fuji in Japan -12,389 feet -might be remembered using the following associations: 12 is the number of months in the year, and 389 is the number of days in a year (365) added to the number of months twice (24). The last principle is visualization. Research has shown striking improvements in many types of memory tasks when people are asked to visualize the items to be remembered. In one study, subjects in one group were asked to learn some words using imagery, while the second group used repetition to learn the words. Those using imagery remembered 80 to 90 percent of the words, compared with 30 to 40 percent of the words for those who memorized by repetition. Thus forming an integrated image with all the information placed in a single mental picture can help us to preserve a memory. 1. What kind of information is easy for us to remember?
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5、No country in the world has more daily newspapers than the U.S.A. There are almost 2,000 of them, as compared with 180 in Japan, 144 in Argentina and 111 in Britain. The quality of some American papers is extremely high and their views are quoted all over the world. Distinguished dailies like the Washington Post or the New York Times have a powerful influence all over the country. However the Post and the Times are not national newspapers in the sense that The times is in Britain or Le Monde is in France, since each American city has its own daily newspaper. The best of these present detailed accounts of national and international news, but many tend to limit themselves to state or city news. Like the press in most other countries, American newspapers range from the “sensational”, which feature crime, sex and rumor, to the serious, which focus on factual news and the analysis of world events. But with few exceptions American newspapers try to entertain as well as give information, for they have to compete with television. Just as American newspapers give way to all tastes, so do they also try and apply to readers for all political persuasions. A few newspapers support extremist (过激分子) groups on the far right and on the far left, but most daily newspapers attempt to attract middle-of-the-road Americans who are essentially moderate. Many of these papers print columns by well-known journalists of different political and social views in order to present a balanced picture. As in other democratic countries American newspapers can be either responsible or irresponsible, but it is generally accepted that the American press serves its country well and that it has more than once bravely uncovered political scandals (丑闻) or crimes, for instance, the Watergate Affair. The newspapers drew the attention of the public to the fears of the Vietnam War. 1. There are fewer national newspapers in _ _ _ _ _ _ . A. Britain than in the U.S.A. B. France than in Britain C. the U.S.A. than in Britain or France D. France than in the U.S.A. or Britain 2. Most American newspapers try to entertain their readers because _ _ _ _ _ _ . A. they have to keep up a good relation with them B. they have to compete with television C. they have to write about crime, sex and rumor D. they have to give factual news in an interesting way 3. Many American newspapers attract readers of different political tendency by _ _ _ _ _ _ . A. supporting extremist groups from time to time B. inviting middle-of-the-road Americans to write articles for them C. avoiding carrying articles about extremists D. printing articles representing different political viewpoints 4. In this passage the underlined word “press” (Para.2) means _ _ _ _ _ _ . A. a machine for printing B. the business of printing C. great force D. newspapers 5. The passage is mainly about _ _ _ _ _ _ .
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