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2、The ordinary family in colonial North America was primarily concerned with sheer physical survival and beyond that, its own economic prosperity. Thus, children were valued in terms of their productivity, and they assumed the role of producer quite early. Until they fulfilled this role, their position in the structure of the family was one of subordination, and their psychological needs and capacities received little consideration.
As the society became more complex, the status of children in the family and in the society became more important. In the complex, technological society that the United States has become, each member must fulfill a number of personal and occupational roles and be in constant contact with a great many other members. Consequently, viewing children as potentially acceptable and necessarily multifaceted (多才多艺的) members of society means that they are regarded more as people in their own right than as utilitarian (功利主义的) organisms. This acceptance of children as equal participants in the contemporary family is reflected in the variety of statutes protecting the rights of children and in the social and public welfare programs devoted exclusively to their well-being.
This new view of children and the increasing contact between the members of society has also resulted in a surge of interest in child-rearing techniques. People today spend a considerable portion of their time conferring on the proper way to bring up children. It is now possible to influence the details of the socialization of another person's child by spreading the gospel of current and fashionable theories and methods of child rearing.
The socialization of the contemporary child in the United States is a two-way transaction between parent and child rather than a one-way, parent-to-child training program. As a consequence, socializing children and living with them over a long period of time is for parents a mixture of pleasure, satisfaction, and problems.
6.
Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A) The Place of Children in United States Society
B) The Children of Colonial North America
C) The Development of Cultural Values
D) The Child as a Utilitarian Organism
7.
According to the author, children in colonial North America were
mainly valued for their _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
A) academic achievements
B) survival instincts
C) physical characteristics
D) productive roles
8.
What can be inferred from the passage about formal schooling
in colonial North America?
A) It was generally required by law.
B) It was considered relatively unimportant.
C) It was improperly administered.
D) It was highly disciplined.
9.
Which of the following does the author mention as a cause of
changes in the role of the child in the United States?
A) An increase in technology.
B) The growing complexity of the child's psychological needs.
C) A decrease in the child's intellectual capacities.
D) The growing number of single parent families.
10.
According to the passage parents have become increasingly
interested in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
A) their children's future occupations
B) having smaller families
C) adoptions programs for childless couples
D) child-rearing techniques
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1、Spacewalking astronauts stepped outside and gave the space station's new robot some eyes and a set of tools.It was the third spacewalk of shuttle Endeavour's visit to the station, each one aimed at putting together Dextre, the giant robot.The last time astronauts floated out, Dextre got arms. This time, the robot got two cameras that would serve as eyes. Also this time Dextre was equipped with three types of tools, four in all, as well as a platform for holding big items like batteries.
So far, the 12-foot (3.6-meter) robot and both of its 11-foot (3.3-meter) arms have checked out fine. Each arm has seven joints, and the crew wanted to make sure the brakes worked.Dextre, a Canadian Space Agency contribution that cost more than US$200 million, is designed to assist spacewalking astronauts and, eventually, to take over some of their chores. Its designers expect the robot one day replacing batteries and other space station parts, lifting as much as 1,300 pounds (590 kilograms), and also performing some fine precision tasks like handling bolts.It has a sense of touch and is capable of sensing force and movement. That's how Dextre got its name, in fact. It is short for dexterous (灵巧的). The space walkers had some robot-unrelated chores, such as attaching a science experiment to the European lab, Columbus, and unloading spare station parts from the shuttle and attaching them to the orbiting complex for future use.
1.
The astronauts walked outside their space shuttle to .
A) complete Dextre's assembly
B) act as the new robot's eyes
C) make some tools
D) view the wonderful scenery
2.
After shuttle Endeavour had completed its second mission, Dextre got .
A) some eyes
B) a set of tools
C) arms
D) batteries
3.
Which of the following is NOT TRUE of the new robot?
A) It is of help to space walking astronauts.
B) It got its name for its clumsiness.
C) It is 3.6 meters high.
D) It took people more than $200 million to build it.
4.
Dextre is expected to do the following EXCEPT .
A) replacing batteries
B) carrying heavy objects
C) performing delicate operations
D) doing some of the astronauts' work
5.
The author's purpose is to .
A) persuade the reader that new robot must be taken seriously
B) inform the reader of the new development in space robots
C) entertain the reader with the robot Dextre
D) show the reader how capable Dextre is
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