课程《统考英语阅读理解》_题库列表第7页_查题网

统考英语阅读理解

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6、Language is always changing. In a society where life continues year after year with few changes，the languages do not change either. The earliest known languages had difficult grammar but a small，limited vocabulary. Over the century，the grammar changed，and the vocabulary grew. For example，the English and Spanish people who came to America during the sixteenth century gave names to all the new plants and animals they found. In this way，hundreds of new words were introduced into English and Spanish vocabularies. Today life is changing very fast，and language is changing fast too. There are several major (主要的) language families in the world. Some scientists say there are nine main families，but other scientists divided them differently. The languages in each family are connected，and scientists think that they came from the same parent language. About 3% of the people in the world speak languages that are not in these major families.
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7、The Great Wall of China is the longest wall in the world. It is more than 6000 kilometres long, about 7 metres high, 5 to 6 metres wide. It is known to be the only one of the structures（建筑物） built by men on Earth that can be seen from the moon. The Potala（布达拉宫） in Tibet, China, is the world's highest palace. It is over 3 kilometres above the sea level. The Great Pyramid（金字塔） in Egypt is the biggest burial（埋葬） place ever built. It is about 137 metres high, or about the height of 40－storey building. Each side of the Pyramid is about 230 metres long, or about as long as 2 city blocks. The Sears Tower in Chicago, U.S.A., reaches a height of 443 metres. It has 110 storeys and covers a total floor space of 420,000 square metres. It is the tallest office building in the world.
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8、Careful and careless are different as fire and water. But it is strange that quite a few scientists have both these qualities. They are both careful and careless. Newton（牛顿）, the famous English scientist, was such a person. Once Newton invited a friend to dinner at home. When they were ready to eat, Newton left to get a bottle of wine. But after his friend had waited for a long time, Newton still didn't come back. At last his friend found Newton in his lab. When Newton was going to get the bottle of wine, he suddenly had a new idea for his experiment. So he quite forgot his friend and the dinner. Another time, Newton was leading a horse up a mountain, and held the rein（缰绳）in his hand. While he was walking, he kept thinking about problems. When he got to the top of the mountain, he found that the rein was not in his hand and that the horse was gone. Einstein（爱因斯坦）was another example. Once he was waiting for a friend at a bridge. While waiting, he became lost in thought. It started to rain. The rain kept on for some time. When he took out a piece of paper to write something down, the paper was wet and then he knew that it was raining. But after he put the paper into his pocket, he forgot he was standing in the rain again.
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9、Many people who work in London prefer to live outside it, and to go in to their offices or schools every day by train, car or bus, even though this means they have to get up early in the morning and reach home late in the evening. One advantage of living outside London is that houses are cheaper. Even a small flat in London without a garden costs quite a lot to rent. With the same money, one can get a little house in the country with a garden of one’s own. Then, in the country one can really get away from the noise and hurry of busy working lives. Even though one has to get up earlier and spend more time in trains or buses, one can sleep better at night and during weekends and on summer evenings, one can enjoy the fresh, clean air of the country. If one likes gardens, one can spend one’s free time digging, planting, watering and doing the hundred and one other jobs which are needed in a garden. Then, when the flowers and vegetables come up, one has got the reward together with those who have shared the secret of Nature. Some people, however, take no interest in country things: for them, happiness lies in the town, with its cinemas and theatres, beautiful shops and busy streets, dance-halls and restaurants. Such people would feel that their life was not worth living if they had to live it outside London. An occasional walk in one of the parks and a fortnight’s (two weeks) visit to the sea every summer is all the country they want: the rest they are quite prepared to leave to those who are glad to get away from London every night.
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10、Long ago, there was a rich man. He had a very big house with a lot of treasures. He had many servants to look after it for a few days. One day, two silver saucers were stolen from the cupboard. After a few days, another two saucers were stolen again. The rich man was very angry. He thought, "Someone must have stolen them. I must catch the thief, or another two saucers would be stolen in a few days." Then he had an idea. He called in all his servants and said, "Some of my silver saucers have disappeared. Someone among you must have taken them. Who has taken them?" The servants looked at one another and kept quiet. The rich man said," I shall catch the thief myself. I am giving each of you a stick. Look, all the sticks are of the same length. Keep the sticks. Bring them back tomorrow. The thief's stick will grow two centimeters longer." That evening, Salleh, one of the servants, went home sadly. His wife asked him, "Why are you so sad this evening?" "This stick will grow two centimeters longer tomorrow because I have taken the silver saucers," he said. "Oh, don't worry. Cut off two centimeters from the stick," his wife said. "In other words, your stick will be of the same length as any of the other sticks." When Salleh heard this, he was very happy. At once, he cut off two centimeters from the stick with a knife. The next day, each of the servants brought back his stick. The rich man then measured each of the sticks. He found Salleh's stick shorter by two centimeters, Salleh was the thief. He was caught and put into prison. The rich man got back the stolen saucers.
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- 2022-06-18 23:04:49
11、In the eighteenth century young ladies in Italy knew history and geography little. Once the French officer in Rome was giving a ball to which many important people were invited. The Italian Minister（大臣） came very late. A young lady, who knew him, saw him enter the ball-room and asked why he was so late. "Oh, nothing important," answered the Minister. " Our head forgot to take his letters with him and went back to his hotel to bring them. If he had left them in Brazil we should have had to wait at least six months for them." "Is Brazil so far from Rome?" asked the lady, who knew very little geography. "It is in the New World," said the Minister. "In the New World?" repeated the lady in great surprise. "Yes, in the New World, which was discovered by Christopher Columbus." When the young lady heard this, she rushed into the middle of the ball-room and shouted as loud as she could: "Ladies and gentlemen, have you heard the latest news? A new world has just been discovered by a certain Christopher Columbus."
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12、A film crew was at the Circle Five Ranch to film a Marlboro commercial. This was in 1868, before they prohibited cigarette ads from American television. Darrell Winfield was watching the crew set up the equipment. The scene included an actor crossing a river on horseback, but when the time came to shoot, the man was too drunk to ride. Someone from the crew saw Winfield and asked him if he would ride the horse for 50 dollars. “Hell,” said Winfield, “for 50 bucks, I'll jump that damn horse over the moon!” To people in many countries, Winfield is just a familiar but nameless face, a simple cowboy with an advertising message about a connection between the West and a brand of cigarettes. Few people know that he is 55, a family man who's been married to the same woman for 37 years and has 5 children and 7 grandchildren. Most surprisingly, he's a real, working cowboy who raises horses in his ranch in Wyoming. One of the most striking things about the Marlboro Man is that success hasn't changed him much. He says that complete strangers sometimes come up to him and say, “I've met you,know you from somewhere. ”Whenever it happens, he says that he gets embarrassed.
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- 2022-06-18 23:04:49
13、Newspapers, along with reporting the news, educate, entertain, and give opinions. An important way of reading a large, big-city newspaper is to put it into different sections. Can you find these separate sections: world news, national and local news, sports, business, entertainment, opinions, ads? Does your newspaper have other sections? News stories give facts, not the reporters' opinions. Some newspaper editorials (社论) come out with the writer's name, but many newspapers only carry editorials without putting the writers' names on. You can be a better reader if you know what to expect in a newspaper. For example, you can expect headlines (新闻标题) to leave out unnecessary words. You can expect to find the most important facts in the lead paragraph (the first paragraph) of a news story. You can expect important news items to be on the front page. You can expect less important items to be on the inside pages. Most of all, the more you know about news of the present time, the more you will understand what is in the newspaper. Important stories are generally presented one day and followed up on following days. So, an important way to read newspapers is reading one frequently.
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- 2022-06-18 23:04:49
14、Large modern cities are too big to control. They impose their own living conditions on the people who live in them. City-dwellers（居住在城市的人）have to adopt an unnatural way of life. They lose touch with the land and the rhythm of nature so that they are hardly conscious of the seasons. A few flowers in a public park may remind people that it is spring or summer and a few leaves on the roadside may remind them that it is autumn. Beyond that, what is going on in nature seems totally unrelated to them. All the simple, good things of life, such as sunshine and fresh air are far away. Tall buildings blot out（把…遮住） the sun, and waste gases from cars pollute the air. Even the distinction between day and night is lost. In the night, it is almost as bright and noisy as it is in the day and people are busy with what they hope to deal with. The funny thing about it all is that city-dwellers pay dearly for living in the city. The prices for houses are so high that it is often impossible for ordinary people to buy a house of their own. High rents must be paid for small flats which even country hens would dislike to live in. Moreover, the cost of living is very high. Everything you buy is likely to be more expensive than it would be in the country.
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15、No one knows who made the first ice cream. Some people think that water ices and milk ices may have been made by the Chinese between three thousand and four thousand years ago. In time, the dish reached India. The Indians, in turn, may have passed on the secret to the Arabs and Persians. The Persians called their dish Sharbat, from which our word sherbet（冰冻果子露）comes. Marco Polo, an Italian who traveled widely in the thirteenth century, noted that he found the Chinese had long been making ices out of fruit juices and milk. From the fourteenth century on, ices became popular, first in Venice and then throughout Italy. In 1533, when Catherine de Medicis left Italy to marry the future King Henry Ⅱof France, she took her cooks with her. They made desserts the French had never tasted before. Among them was "ice cream". For each day of the wedding festivities(庆祝活动，庆典) Catherine's cooks prepared a different flavor of her favorite dessert-"ice cream." At first ice cream was a luxury(奢侈品) in France. Only rich people had money to buy it. Then, in 1660, a young man from Sicily, Francisco Procopio, arrived in Paris. He opened a shop that sold ice cream at prices people could afford. Procopio's"ice-cream parlor(店堂)" became so popular that other shops were opened. About 1640, King Charles I introduced ice cream to England. He had heard it was popular in Italy and France. He served ice cream for dessert at a banquet(宴会). The surprise dish was a great success. The King ordered his cook to keep the recipe(制作方法) for ice cream a secret. Charles felt that only royalty(王室) should serve the dessert. But the secret soon leaked out. Ice cream quickly became popular in England too.
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