假定某企业生产一种产品，第一年、第二年的生产量分别为170 000件和140 000件，销售量分别为140 000件和160 000件，存货的计价采用先进先出法。每单位产品的售价为5元，生产成本资料如下：每件变动生产成本3元，其中包括直接材料1.30元，直接人工1.50元，变动性制造费用0.20元；固定性制造费用每年的发生额为150 000元。变动性销售与管理费用为销售收入的5％，固定性销售与管理

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假定某企业生产一种产品，第一年、第二年的生产量分别为170 000件和140 000件，销售量分别为140 000件和160 000件，存货的计价采用先进先出法。每单位产品的售价为5元，生产成本资料如下：每件变动生产成本3元，其中包括直接材料1.30元，直接人工1.50元，变动性制造费用0.20元；固定性制造费用每年的发生额为150 000元。变动性销售与管理费用为销售收入的5％，固定性销售与管理费用发生额为65 000元。要求：

（1）分别采用变动成本法和完全成本法计算并确定第一年和第二年的营业利润；

（2）具体说明第一年和第二年分别采用两种成本计算方法据以确定的营业利润产生差异的原因.

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管理会计学

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