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Three Americans Win Nobel Economics Prize
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded the Nobel Prize in economics to three Americans, Eugene Fama, Lars Peter Hansen and Robert Shiller on Oct. 14, 2013. Eugene Fama and Lars Peter Hansen are both professors at the University of Chicago. Robert Shiller is a professor at Yale University. They will share the prize worth about 1.2 million dollars.
“This year's prize in economic sciences is about predictions.” All three of this year's prize winners are mainly known for their research and explanations of pricing forces in financial markets. They have had a big influence on the way people look at and talk about financial markets.
Eugene Fama's research on financial markets in the 1960s led market watchers to change their ideas about investing. His ideas are linked to the theory that markets are efficient, which means market actors taking all available information to create the correct price for things at any given time. This also means that over short periods of time, it is not possible to predict prices.
Robert Shiller found, however, that over long periods, the opposite is true. It is possible to predict the movement of prices and that price changes are linked to human behavior.
The findings of both economists have led to the growth of index funds, investing many different securities as a way to reduce risk. Mr Shiller also helped to create the Standard & Poor's Case-Shiller home prices index. That index follows home prices across the United States.
Lars Peter Hansen developed a method for studying historical pricing information. His method supports Mr Shiller's findings and has influenced efforts to predict prices in the financial industry.
The Nobel Prize in economics was not created by Alfred Nobel, but was established in his memory by Sweden's central bank in 1968.
1. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded the Nobel Prize in electronics to three Americans on Oct. 14, 2013.
2. Eugene Fama, Lars Peter Hansen and Robert Shiller won the prize for their research and explanations of pricing forces in financial markets.
3. Eugene Fama's research on financial markets in the 1960s resulted in some change in how market watchers look at investing.
4. The findings of both economists have led to the growth of price prediction, investing many different securities as a way to reduce risk.
5. The Nobel Prize in economics was established in memory of Alfred Nobel by Sweden's central bank in 1968.
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解析：
1. 这是一道细节题。此题信息对应短文的第一段第一句，“2013年10月14日瑞典皇家科学院授予三个美国人经济学诺贝尔奖”，而非电子学诺贝尔奖，所以选择F。
2. 这是一道细节题。此题信息对应短文的第二段第二句，“今年的三个获奖者都主要是因为在金融市场上对定价力的研究和解释而闻名”，因此符合原句意，所以选择T。
3. 这是一道短语辨析题。result in 是 lead to 的近义词，也是“引起，导致”的意思。此题信息对应短文的第三段第一句，“尤金•法玛在二十世纪六十年代对金融市场的研究引起市场观察人士改变了他们对于投资的理念”，即他对金融市场的研究引起市场观察人士看待投资的变化，符合原句意，所以选择T。
4. 这是一道细节题。此题信息对应短文的第五段第一句，“两个经济学家的发现引起了指数基金的增长, 投资许多不同的证券作为降低风险的方式”，是“指数基金的增长”，而非“价格预测的增长”，所以选择F。
5. 这是一道细节题。此题信息对应短文最后一段话，“诺贝尔经济学奖并非由阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔建立, 而是为纪念他由瑞典中央银行于1968年建立”，所以选择T。