根据沙因的职业锚理论，不愿受别人的约束，也不愿意受程序、工作时间、着装方式以及在任何组织中都不可避免的标准规范制约的职业锚属于（）。

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根据沙因的职业锚理论，不愿受别人的约束，也不愿意受程序、工作时间、着装方式以及在任何组织中都不可避免的标准规范制约的职业锚属于（）。

A. Ａ．技术／职能型职业锚
B. Ｃ．创造／创业型职业锚
C. Ｄ．安全／稳定型职业锚
D. Ｂ．自主／独立型职业锚

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国家开放大学

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会见一般先由主人提出，客人如觉有必要，就承诺；不同意，就谢绝。现代秘书学

7、 There seems never to have been a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to give children something to do. In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another. In societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers. This is true because boys and girls are being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world. What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained are same. The changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology. It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their persistence to the present that is amazing. In Egypt, the Americas, China, Japan and among the Arctic (北极的)peoples, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Variations depended on local customs and ways of life because toys imitate their surroundings. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles. Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the oxcart to the automobile is a direct line of ascent (进步). The progress from a rattle (拨浪鼓)used by a baby in 3000 BC to one used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness. Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials. 1.The reason why the toys most boys play with are different from those that girls play with is that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .A) their social roles are rigidly determinedB) most boys would like to follow their fathers‘professionsC) boys like to play with their fathers while girls with their mothersD) they like challenging activities 2.One aspect of “the universality of toys”lies in the fact that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .A) technological advances have greatly improved the durability of toysB) the improvement of craftsmanship in making toys depends on the efforts of universitiesC) the exploration of the universe had led to the creation of new kinds of toysD) the basic characteristics of toys are the same the world over3.Which of the following is the author‘s view on the historical development of toys?A) The craftsmanship in toy-making has remained essentially unchanged.B) Toys have remained basically the same all through the centuries.C) The toy industry has witnessed great leaps in technology in recent years.D) Toys are playing an increasingly important role in shaping a child‘s character. 4.Regarded as a kind of art form, toys _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .A) follow a direct line of ascentB) also appeal greatly to adultsC) are not characterized by technological progress D) reflect the pace of social progress5.The author uses the example of rattle to show that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . A) in toy-making there is a continuity in the sue of materialsB) even the simplest toys can reflect the progress of technologyC) even the simplest toys can reflect the progress of technologyD) even a simple toy can mirror the artistic tastes of the time 大学英语2

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