题干
阅读下面的文章，根据文章内容给题目选择正确的答案。（每题10分）
Three Effective Management Styles
Being an effective manager means knowing when to use the right management style. Some styles, for instance, are more people-oriented, while others tend to focus on a project or product. The management style you select will depend on your people skills and knowledge, available resources (like time and money), desired results, and, of course, the task before you. The common management styles can be summarized into three categories.
The participatory style is the first of its kind. Here, it is critical to give each employee an entire task to complete. If that’s not possible, make sure the individual knows and understands his or her part as it relates to the project or task. When people in your team know where they fit in the big picture, they’re more likely to be motivated to complete the task.
Following that, we have the directing style. Sometimes a situation will call for a direct style of management. Perhaps a tight deadline looms, or the project involves numerous employees and requires a top-down management approach. Here, a manager answers five questions for the employees: What? Where? How? Why? and When? Let employees know what they need to do, how they’re going to do it, and when the questions must be finished.
The last one is the teamwork style. If you want to speed up a project and choose the best process for completing that project, managing by teamwork is the way to go. When you motivate people to pool their knowledge, the results may exceed your expectations. Often, teams can tackle problems more quickly than what you can accomplish on your own. The give-and-take can create a process that you can repeat in other projects.
1. Being an effective manager lies in knowing the right _ _ _ _ _ .
A. knowledge
B. skills
C. management style
2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a focus of different management styles?
A. People.
B. Customers.
C. Project.
3. Which of the following can’t be inferred from the passage?
A. The management style is likely to change because the manager has been replaced.
B. The management style is likely to change because the desired results have changed.
C. The management style is likely to change because the available resources have changed.
4. When people in your team know where they fit in the big picture, they are more likely to be _ _ _ _ _ to complete the task.
A. frustrated
B. reluctant
C. inspired
5. If you want to speed up a project and choose the best process for completing that project, you can resort to _ _ _ _ _ .
A. team work
B. top-down management
C. tight deadline
反馈
解析：
1. 这是一道细节题。本题询问“作为一个高效的管理者需要懂得的内容”，题中“知识”，“技能”和“管理风格”三个选项对于一个高效的管理者都是需要懂得的，似乎都是合理的选项，但是要与原文联系，查找信息所对应的句子，而非凭着合理性的主观猜想选择答案。短文的第一段第一句“作为一个高效的管理者意味着懂得何时使用恰当的管理风格”有对应的信息，所以选C。
2. 这是一道细节题。本题询问“作为不同管理风格所专注的以下哪项没有被提及”。选项中包含“人”，“顾客”和“项目”三个。短文第一段的第二句“一些风格，比如，多是以人为倾向的，而其他的风格则倾向于专注一个项目或产品”中没有提及“顾客”，所以选B。
3. 这是一道推断题。本题询问“哪一句是不可能从文章中推断得出结论的”，所以需要找出一个与原文事实不相符的选项。文章第一段的第三句“你选择的管理风格将取决于你的成员的技能和知识，可支配的资源（如时间和资金），预期的结果，当然还有你面临的任务” 是推断的依据。选项B“因为预期的结果改变了，所以管理风格有可能改变”和选项C“因为可支配的资源改变了，所以管理风格有可能改变”的两个结论都有可能从短文中推断出来；但是选项A“因为管理者被取代了，所以管理风格有可能改变”却不是在短文事实基础上推理而得出的，所以选A。
4. 这是一道词义判断题。本题询问“当你的团队成员知道他们融入大局发挥他们作用的时候，他们更有可能怎样去完成这个任务”。形容词frustrated意为“挫败的”，reluctant意为“勉强的”，inspired意为“受激励的”。第二段最后一句话中motivated“有积极性的”与inspired词义相近，所以选C。
5. 这是一道细节题。本题询问“如果你想要加快项目的进度，选择完成项目的最佳途径, 你能借助于谁”，短文最后一段第二句“如果你想要加快项目的进度，选择完成项目的最佳途径，团队管理是办法”提供了相应的信息，选项B“自上而下的管理方式”和选项C“迫近的任务截止日期”都不符合短文原意，所以选A。