题干
二、阅读理解：根据文章内容，判断正误（共50分）。
Who Killed Nokia?
Nokia executives attempted to explain its fall from the top of the smartphone pyramid with three factors: 1) that Nokia was technically inferior to Apple, 2) that the company was complacent and 3) that its leaders didn't see the disruptive iPhone coming.
It has also been argued that it was none of the above. Nokia lost the smartphone battle because of divergent shared fears among the company's middle and top managers which led to company-wide inertia that left it powerless to respond to Apple's game.
Based on the findings of an in-depth investigation and 76 interviews with top and middle managers, engineers and external experts, the researchers discovered a culture of fear due to temperamental leaders and that frightened middle managers were scared of telling the truth.
The fear that froze the company came from two places. First, the company's top managers had a terrifying reputation. Some members of Nokia's board and top management were described as “extremely temperamental” and they regularly shouted at people “at the top of their lungs”. It was very difficult to tell them things they didn't want to hear. Secondly, top managers were afraid of the external environment and not meeting their quarterly targets, which also impacted how they treated middle managers.
Top managers thus made middle managers afraid of disappointing them. Middle managers were told that they were not ambitious enough to meet top managers' goals.
Fearing the reactions of top managers, middle managers remained silent or provided optimistic, filtered information. Thus, middle managers directly lied to top management.
Worse, a culture of status inside Nokia made everyone want to hold onto vested power for fear of resources being allocated elsewhere if they delivered bad news or showed that they were not bold or ambitious enough to undertake challenging assignments.
Beyond verbal pressure, top managers also applied pressure for faster performance in personnel selection. This led middle managers to over promise and under deliver. One middle manager told us that “you can get resources by promising something earlier, or promising a lot. It's sales work.”
While modest fear might be healthy for motivation, abusing it can be like overusing a drug, which risks generating harmful side effects. To reduce this risk, leaders should coordinate with the varied emotions of the staff. Nokia's top managers should have encouraged safe dialogue, internal coordination and feedback to understand the true emotion in the organization.
操作提示：正确选T，错误选F。
1. Nokia lost the smartphone battle because its technology is not as good as that of Apple.
2. Nokia's middle managers were frank to tell the truth, but the top ones didn't listen to them.
3. Nokia's top managers were too moody to hear anything good but harsh.
4. Middle managers in Nokia delivered results more than they promised earlier.
5. Nokia's top managers should have had better conversation techniques to encourage internal coordination and truth.
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答案：1. F 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T
解析：
1.这是一道细节题。一般对于细节题，我们需要查找信息所对应的句子或者句群。此题信息对应文章第二段的第二句话，即“智能手机大战失败的原因是公司内部散发着的恐惧”，所以选F。
2. 这是一道细节题。此题信息对应文章第三段的最后一句话，即“frightened middle managers were scared of telling the truth”，所以选F。
3. 这是一道归纳总结题。此题对应文章第四、五、六段的内容，文章中提到“高层名声糟糕，大声吼叫下属；中层保持沉默或提供虚假信息”，所以选T。
4. 这是一道细节题。文章第七段已经告知读者“This led middle managers to over promise and under deliver.”，所以选F。
5. 这是一道细节题。文章最后一段的最后一句话已经告知读者高层应该建立良好的沟通方式，所以选T。