题干
选择题
Is that 6 a.m. wokeout getting in the way of good sleep? Don't think your fat cells won't notice. A new study published in The Annals of Internal Medicine (a medical journal) finds that inadequate shut-eye has a harmful effect on fat cells, reducing their ability to respond to insulin (胰岛素) by about 30 percent. Over the long-term, this decreased response could set the stage for type-2 diabetes (a medical condition in which someone has too much sugar in his or her blood), fatty liver disease and weight gain.
The study adds to a growing body of evidence that there' “an intimate relationship between the amount of sleep we get and our ability to maintain a good, healthy body weight,” says sleep expert Helene Emsellem, director of the Center for Sleep and Wake Disorders in Chevy Chase, Maryland. But Americans don't seem to be getting the message that we need seven to nine hours par night. More than 1 in 5 of us, according to a report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, is getting six or fewer hours of sleep per night, on average.
So how did researchers study fat cells in the Annals paper? Matthew Brady of the University of Chicago and a group of colleagues selected and persuaded seven volunteers to take part in the research project. They were all young, thin and healthy and agreed to sleep for eight nights in a sleep lab. “For four nights they were allowed to stay in bed for 8.5 hours a night,” says Brady. Then, a month later, they came back for four additional nights——but this time they were allowed just 4.5 hours of sleep per night. And after each visit, researchers got a sample of their fat. Brady explains that the fat cells responded significantly to the loss of sleep. “I was very surprised to be honest,” he says.
Bad things can happen when fat cells become less responsive to insulin. “Fat cells are actually your friend,” he says. “They're there to store lipids (血脂).” When lipids stay inside the cells, your body can utilize the fat when you're exercising or sleeping or going about your day. “However, when fat cells stare to become insulin resistant, the lipids star to leach out of the fat cells and rise in the bloodstream,” Brady says.
1. According to the passage, lack of sleep for a long while can probably lead to all of the following EXCEPT .
A. heart disease
B. weight gain
C. diabetes
2. The main idea of the third paragraph is .
A. how to write a medical research paper
B. how to avoid sleep loss
C. how the research was conducted
3. What does the “leach” in the last paragraph probably mean?
A. Leap.
B. Lead.
C. Leak.
4. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A. We will be in trouble if our fat cells become less responsive to insulin.
B. More and more studies are done to study the link between sleep and weight.
C. More than 20% of Americans are not getting enough sleep.
5. Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage?
A. Poor Sleep May Lead to Too Much Stored Fat and Disease
B. Sleep Experts Had Exciting Findings in a Fat Study
C. Americans Should Have More Than Six Hours of Sleep
反馈
参考答案： ACCBB
1.【答案】A
【考点】细节判断题
【详解】从文章第一段的最后一句，我们可以找C. diabetes糖尿病，B. weight gain体重增加等词汇，没有提到A. heart disease心脏病，故A为正确答案。
2. 【答案】C
【考点】主旨题
【详解】从第三段的第一句So how did researchers study fat cells in the Annals paper? 研究人员如何研究了脂肪细胞的变化？随后的文字也是描述研究实验的过程和发现，C. how the research was conducted研究是怎样被实施的？是该段的主要意思。故C为正确答案。
3. 【答案】C
【考点】指代题
【详解】首先定位该词在文中的位置，在最后一句However, when fat cells start to become insulin resistant, the lipids star to leach out of the fat cells and rise in the bloodstream.通过上下文可以猜出leach是“过滤”的意思。A. Leap.跳跃；B. Lead引导；C. Leak漏出。故C为正确答案。
4. 【答案】B
【考点】细节推理题
【详解】可用排除法确定该题正确答案，文章谈到了如果fat cells（脂肪细胞）如果对insulin(胰岛素)不做出反应，将会引起血糖升高，故A正确；文章第二段More than 1 in 5 of us, according to a report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, is getting six or fewer hours of sleep per night, on average.可以看出超出20%的美国人没有足够的睡眠，故C正确；全文没有提到越来越多正在实施对睡眠和体重之间关系的研究。故B为正确答案。
5. 【答案】B
【考点】主旨题
【详解】本文开始是一个问句？第二句话就回答了这个问题，即研究人员的发现：inadequate shut-eye has a harmful effect on fat cells, reducing their ability to respond to insulin (胰岛素) by about 30 percent.（不充分的睡眠会伤害脂肪细胞，减少它们对胰岛素的反应能力30%）该句也是主题句，所以合适的标题应该是：Sleep Experts Had Exciting Findings in a Fat Study（睡眠专家在进行肥胖研究时，有了令人兴奋的发现）。故B是正确答案。