1、偏心受压柱有哪两类破坏形态？破坏特征和性质怎样？

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河南成教 / 建筑结构

1、
偏心受压柱有哪两类破坏形态？破坏特征和性质怎样？

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建筑结构

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2[阅读题] Passage 1 Learning the language of a country isn't enough. If you know the manners of your foreign friends, you will probably be surprised just how different they can be from your own. A visitor to India should remember it is impolite there to use the left hand for passing food at the table. The left hand is for washing yourself. Also in India, you might see a man shaking his head at another to show that he is disagreeing. But in many parts of India a side-to-side movement of the head is to show agreement. In Bulgaria you shake your head to show "yes"—a nod shows "no". In Europe it is quite usual to cross your legs while sitting and talking to someone, even at an important meeting. But doing this could cause offence to a Thailander. Touching the head of a grown-up is also not done in Thailand. Knowing about manners is useful when you are traveling, and you also need to know the language used to express the customs. 1． If you are staying in India, you'd better . A. not use your left hand to pass food at the table. B. use your left hand to pass food at the table. C. not use your left hand to wash yourself. D. use your left hand at all times. 2． To shake your head means “Yes” . A. in India B. in Europe C. in Bulgaria D. in Thailand 3． You can easily make a Thailander angry by . A. touching his head B. crossing your legs while talking to him C. shaking your head D. nodding your head 4．The writer thinks that to know about a country well one must . A. know the language of the country B. know the manners of the country C. know the manners better than the language D. know both the language and the manners 5．We can learn from the passage that . A. different countries have different manners. B. the manners in Thailand are the same as those in India. C. one should be careful not to cross legs in Europe. D. one should not touch a grown-up's head in India. 答案：1-5 ACBDA Passage 2 College is a place to explore many possibilities; you really can’t do it all-unless you manage your time wisely. Here are some tips I have found very helpful for managing my time and maximizing(使…最大化) my study efforts：　　1. Determine your goals. What do you want to get out of a college education? Academic(学术的) knowledge? Leadership experience within a club? Decide what is most important to you. Then devote proportionate(成比例的) amounts of time to those efforts. 　　2. Plan ahead. You may think you can keep everything in your head, but as the activities on your schedule start piling up, making a schedule can really help organize even little tasks. 3.Study at strategic (关键的) times. Don’t wait until you’re falling asleep to study. Study first. Save those e-mails to check later, because tasks that don’t require much energy and attention can still be done when you’re tired. 4.Motivate (激励) yourself! You know that TV show you’ve been dying to see, or that game of chess you’ve been waiting all week to challenge your friend to. These and many other special activities can be used for motivation. Promise yourself that you’ll force yourself to work efficiently. (Don’t rush through the assignment, though.) 　　5. Take a nap. Sometimes even a 20-minute nap in the afternoon will give you the extra energy you need to get through the day. 1. We need to play ahead in order to ________. A. keep a record of all the events B. better organize our activities C. store everything in our head D. pile up little tasks neatly 2. Strategic times are best for us to ________. A. save energy B. check e-mails C. study efficiently D. organize activities 3. Which of the following could be used as a motivation to do our assignments? A. Remembering our urgent tasks. B. Any activities we’re eager to do. C. Taking a break in the afternoon. D. The promise to study efficiently. 4. What can help us to keep refreshed throughout the day? A. Doing some physical exercise. B. Taking a short nap in the afternoon. C. Rushing through some assignments. D. Playing a game of chess with a friend. 5. Which of the following could be the best title for this article? A. Study Habits and Time Management B. Business Management and Leadership C. University Education and Campus Life D. Life Goals and Academic Development 答案：BCBBA Passage 3 What is your favorite color? Do you like yellow, orange, and red? If you do, you must be an optimist (乐观者), a leader, and an active person who enjoys life, people and excitement. Do you prefer grays and blues? Then you are probably quiet, shy and you would rather follow than lead. You tend to be a pessimist. At least, this is what psychologists (心理学家) tell us, and they should know, because they have been seriously studying the meaning of color preference, as well as the effect that colors have on human beings. They tell us among other facts, that we do not choose our favorite color as we grow up — we are born with our preference. If you happen to love brown, you did so, as soon as you opened your eyes, or at least as soon as you could see clearly. Color does influence our moods (情绪) ― there is no doubt about it. A yellow room makes most people feel more cheerful and more relaxed than a dark green one; and a red dress brings warmth and cheer to the saddest winter day. On the other hand, black is depressing. A black bridge over the Thames River, near London, used to be the scene of more suicides than any other bridge in the area — until it was repainted green. The number of suicide attempts immediately fell sharply; perhaps it would have fallen even more if the bridge had been done in pink or baby blue. Light and bright colors make people not only happier but also more active. It is an established fact that factory workers work better, harder, and have fewer accidents when their machines are painted orange rather than black or gray. 1. The author regards the psychologists’ findings as _____. A. groundless B. doubtful C. reasonable D. unusual 2. According to the psychologists, a person’s color preference _____. A. is formed as he grows up B. is acquired through experience C. is decided by his surroundings D. is possessed from birth 3. It can be concluded from the passage that bright color lovers tend to be _____. A. quiet B. active C. depressive D. pessimistic 4. The example of the bridge is used to illustrate that _____. A. people tend to kill themselves by jumping from bridges B. color can affect people’s moods to a great degree C. the bridge should have been repainted earlier D. certain color can kill people sometimes 5. The notion that machines painted orange can reduce the risk of accidents ______. A. is a well-accepted fact B. remains to be proved C. is an illusion of workers D. is a good wish of scientists 答案：CDBBA英语语音

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