2、
Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But _ _ 1 _ _ _ some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does _ _ 2 _ _ _ short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, _ _ _ 3 _ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to _ _ 4 _ _ , a good laugh is unlikely to have _ _ 5 _ _ _ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.
_ _ 6 _ _ , instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the _ _ 7 _ _ , studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter _ _ 8 _ _ _ muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.
Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _ 9 _ _ the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of _ _ _ 10 _ _ _ feedback, that improve an individual’s emotional state. _ _ 11 _ _ _ _ one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted _ _ _ _ 12 _ _ _ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry _ _ _ 13 _ _ _ they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.
Although sadness also _ _ _ _ 14 _ _ _ tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow _ _ 15 _ _ _ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to pick a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile – or with their lips, which would produce a(n) disappointed expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles reacted more exuberantly to funny cartons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, mentioning that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around Similarly , the physical act of laughter could improve mood.
1.[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like
2.[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce
3.[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining
4.[A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe
5.[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable
6.[A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief
7.[A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D]expected
8.[A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes
9.[A]aggravate [B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance
10.[A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious [D]internal
11.[A]Except for [B]According to [C]Due to [D]As for
12.[A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at
13.[A]unless [B]until [C]if [D]because
14.[A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppresses
15.[A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond